The tomato is the most important horticultural crop after the potato. Tomato and wild tomatoes are native to western South America and are distributed from northern Ecuador, through Peru to northern Chile, in the Galapagos Islands and also in Colombia and Bolivia. The tomato has extended all over the world and has experienced a great diversification due to the great diversity of uses and its adaptation to different cropping systems. As a result of this, hundreds of varieties of tomatoes are now available. The tomato has a narrow genetic basis. This is because its wild relatives have been used for genetic breeding of this crop. High yield, resistance to diseases, and fruit quality have been the main breeding objectives of this crop. In spite of the considerable improvement obtained to date, the application of new biotechnologies, including the recently developed genomic tools from genomic projects, has allowed researchers to address new objectives technically unattainable a few years ago.