alliance with the Protestant German duchy of Cleves. Henry sent his best portrait artist, Hans Holbein the Younger, to capture Anne of Cleves's likeness; the painting the Flemish artist brought back to him pleased Henry greatly. Cromwell was asked to conclude the marriage treaty. When Anne of Cleves arrived in England in January 1540, however, Henry was shocked by her plain appearance (Holbein's painting had been too flattering) and her poor manners. He disparagingly referred to her as "the Mare of Flanders," and they were divorced within six months of their marriage, which was never consummated. Anne lived the rest of her days in content obscurity on a large estate that was given to her upon the divorce. Cromwell, who had coordinated the disastrous affair, lost Henry's favor entirely.