During vigorous physical activity, water and electrolytes are lost from the body as sweat and carbohydrate is oxidized by active skeletal muscle. Consuming water, sugar and salt during exercise prevents the negative ramifications of hypohydration (dehydration) and supplies muscles, brain, and other tissues with glucose to augment whole-body carbohydrate oxidation. Peer-reviewed research substantiates the benefits of ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions during exercise, and drink manufacturers rely upon that research to create and substantiate product benefit claims. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated benefit claims for sports drinks, resulting in a positive opinion for some claims and a negative opinion for others. The intent of this chapter is to summarize the EFSA opinions and the related scientific literature to give the reader an appreciation of the associated strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities.