Gestational diabetes mellitus
The women were screened for GDM at 24-28 weeks and classified at that time as having GDM in the index pregnancy if any abnormal plasma glucose values were obtained during the 2 hours, 75-g OGTT. Abnormal values were defined according to the following standard diagnostic criteria established by the American Diabetes Association (21): a fasting level of 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L) or greater, a 1-hour value of 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) or greater, and a 2-hour value of 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) or greater. The intra-and interassay coefficients of variaton were 5% and 10%, respectively.