NPM comes from the Anglo-American sphere, and it was strongly pushed
by most international finance institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF.
It originates from the 1980s, a time characterised by the dominance of neoliberal
governments and the perceived crisis of the welfare state and its financing,
but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s. NPM was on the one hand a
powerful trend within public administration scholarship and practice – which
explains much of its power – and on the other, a genuine ideological concept.