The required amounts of PLA and ESO were dissolved in 50 mL of chloroform, separately. The ESO solution was then transferred into the PLA solution with a dropper and continuous stirring. After all the ESO solution was transferred into the PLA solution, the resul- tant mixture was then stirred for 1 h. The required modified clay (FNCs-MMT) was then added into the dissolved PLA/ESO in the small portion. The mixture was then refluxed for 1 h and then ultra- sonically stirred using the Ultra Sonic Cathode for 10 min to make sure that the clay was fully dispersed in the PLA/ESO solution. The nanocomposite was then poured into a Petri dish and left to dry. The amount of PLA/ESO and the modified clay used in this study are listed in Table 2.