Methodology
The process used to research and create the Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12
Education 2012-2017: An NMC Horizon Project Regional Analysis is very much rooted in the methods
used throughout the NMC Horizon Project. All publications of the NMC’s Horizon Project are
produced using a carefully constructed process that is informed by both primary and secondary
research. Dozens of technologies, meaningful trends, and critical challenges are examined for
possible inclusion in the report for each edition. Every report draws on the considerable expertise of an internationally renowned advisory board that first considers a broad set of important emerging technologies, challenges, and trends, and then examines each of them in progressively more detail, reducing the set until the final listing of technologies, trends, and challenges is selected.
Much of the process takes place online, where it is captured and placed in the NMC Horizon
Project wiki. This wiki, which has grown into a resource of hundreds of pages, is intended to be a completely transparent window onto the work of the project, and contains the entire record of the research for each of the various editions. The section of the wiki used for the Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012-2017 can be found at singapore.wiki.nmc.org.
The procedures for selecting the topics that are in this report include a modified Delphi process now refined over years of producing the NMC Horizon Report series, and it began with the
assembly of the advisory board. The board as a whole was intended to represent a wide range of
backgrounds and interests, yet with each member bringing a particularly relevant expertise. To
date, hundreds of internationally recognised practitioners and experts have participated in the
NMC Horizon Project Advisory Boards; in any given year, a third of advisory board members are
new, ensuring a flow of fresh perspectives each year.
Once the advisory board for a particular edition is constituted, their work begins with a systematic review of the literature — press clippings, reports, essays, and other materials — that pertains to emerging technology. Advisory board members are provided with an extensive set of background materials when the project begins, and are then asked to comment on them, identify those that seem especially worthwhile, and add to the set. The group discusses existing applications of emerging technology and brainstorms new ones. A key criterion for the inclusion of a topic is the potential relevance of the topic to teaching, learning, or creative inquiry. A carefully selected set of RSS feeds from dozens of relevant publications ensures that background resources stay current as the project progresses. They are used to inform the thinking of the participants throughout the process.
Following the review of the literature, the advisory board engages in the central focus of the
research — the research questions that are at the core of the NMC Horizon Project. These
questions are designed to elicit a comprehensive listing of interesting technologies, challenges, and trends from the advisory board:
1. Which of these key technologies will be most important to Singaporean K-12 education
within the next five years?
2. What key technologies are missing from our list? Consider these related questions:
a. What would you list among the established technologies that some Singaporean
schools and programs are using today that arguably ALL institutions and programs
should be using broadly to support or enhance teaching, learning, or creative inquiry?
b. What technologies that have a solid user base in consumer, entertainment, or other
industries should Singaporean schools and programs be actively looking for ways to apply?
c. What are the key emerging technologies you see developing to the point that
Singaporean schools and programs should begin to take notice during the next four to
five years?
3. What trends do you expect to have a significant impact on the ways in which Singaporean
schools and programs approach our core missions of teaching, learning, and creative
inquiry?
4. What do you see as the key challenges related to teaching, learning, and creative inquiry
that Singaporean schools and programs will face during the next five years?
One of the advisory board’s most important tasks is to answer these questions as systematically
and broadly as possible, so as to ensure that the range of relevant topics is considered. Once this work is done, a process that moves quickly over just a few days, the advisory board moves to a unique consensus-building process based on an iterative Delphi-based methodology.
In the first step of this approach, the responses to the research questions are systematically ranked and placed into adoption horizons by each advisory board member using a multi-vote system that allows members to weight their selections. Each member is asked to also identify the time frame during which they feel the technology would enter mainstream use — defined for the purpose of the project as about 20% of institutions adopting it within the period discussed. (This figure is based on the research of Geoffrey A. Moore and refers to the critical mass of adoptions needed for a technology to have a chance of entering broad use.) These rankings are compiled into a collective set of responses, and inevitably, the ones around which there is the most agreement are quickly apparent.
For additional detail on the project methodology or to review the instrumentation, the ranking,
and the interim products behind the report, please visit the project wiki, which can be found at
singapore.wiki.nmc.org.
Methodology
The process used to research and create the Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12
Education 2012-2017: An NMC Horizon Project Regional Analysis is very much rooted in the methods
used throughout the NMC Horizon Project. All publications of the NMC’s Horizon Project are
produced using a carefully constructed process that is informed by both primary and secondary
research. Dozens of technologies, meaningful trends, and critical challenges are examined for
possible inclusion in the report for each edition. Every report draws on the considerable expertise of an internationally renowned advisory board that first considers a broad set of important emerging technologies, challenges, and trends, and then examines each of them in progressively more detail, reducing the set until the final listing of technologies, trends, and challenges is selected.
Much of the process takes place online, where it is captured and placed in the NMC Horizon
Project wiki. This wiki, which has grown into a resource of hundreds of pages, is intended to be a completely transparent window onto the work of the project, and contains the entire record of the research for each of the various editions. The section of the wiki used for the Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012-2017 can be found at singapore.wiki.nmc.org.
The procedures for selecting the topics that are in this report include a modified Delphi process now refined over years of producing the NMC Horizon Report series, and it began with the
assembly of the advisory board. The board as a whole was intended to represent a wide range of
backgrounds and interests, yet with each member bringing a particularly relevant expertise. To
date, hundreds of internationally recognised practitioners and experts have participated in the
NMC Horizon Project Advisory Boards; in any given year, a third of advisory board members are
new, ensuring a flow of fresh perspectives each year.
Once the advisory board for a particular edition is constituted, their work begins with a systematic review of the literature — press clippings, reports, essays, and other materials — that pertains to emerging technology. Advisory board members are provided with an extensive set of background materials when the project begins, and are then asked to comment on them, identify those that seem especially worthwhile, and add to the set. The group discusses existing applications of emerging technology and brainstorms new ones. A key criterion for the inclusion of a topic is the potential relevance of the topic to teaching, learning, or creative inquiry. A carefully selected set of RSS feeds from dozens of relevant publications ensures that background resources stay current as the project progresses. They are used to inform the thinking of the participants throughout the process.
Following the review of the literature, the advisory board engages in the central focus of the
research — the research questions that are at the core of the NMC Horizon Project. These
questions are designed to elicit a comprehensive listing of interesting technologies, challenges, and trends from the advisory board:
1. Which of these key technologies will be most important to Singaporean K-12 education
within the next five years?
2. What key technologies are missing from our list? Consider these related questions:
a. What would you list among the established technologies that some Singaporean
schools and programs are using today that arguably ALL institutions and programs
should be using broadly to support or enhance teaching, learning, or creative inquiry?
b. What technologies that have a solid user base in consumer, entertainment, or other
industries should Singaporean schools and programs be actively looking for ways to apply?
c. What are the key emerging technologies you see developing to the point that
Singaporean schools and programs should begin to take notice during the next four to
five years?
3. What trends do you expect to have a significant impact on the ways in which Singaporean
schools and programs approach our core missions of teaching, learning, and creative
inquiry?
4. What do you see as the key challenges related to teaching, learning, and creative inquiry
that Singaporean schools and programs will face during the next five years?
One of the advisory board’s most important tasks is to answer these questions as systematically
and broadly as possible, so as to ensure that the range of relevant topics is considered. Once this work is done, a process that moves quickly over just a few days, the advisory board moves to a unique consensus-building process based on an iterative Delphi-based methodology.
In the first step of this approach, the responses to the research questions are systematically ranked and placed into adoption horizons by each advisory board member using a multi-vote system that allows members to weight their selections. Each member is asked to also identify the time frame during which they feel the technology would enter mainstream use — defined for the purpose of the project as about 20% of institutions adopting it within the period discussed. (This figure is based on the research of Geoffrey A. Moore and refers to the critical mass of adoptions needed for a technology to have a chance of entering broad use.) These rankings are compiled into a collective set of responses, and inevitably, the ones around which there is the most agreement are quickly apparent.
For additional detail on the project methodology or to review the instrumentation, the ranking,
and the interim products behind the report, please visit the project wiki, which can be found at
singapore.wiki.nmc.org.
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