depicted in Figure 5. A company following either trajectory will become more flexible
over time, and may therefore find itself better able to manage a complex (unfocused)
factory. This makes focus less important, so it may choose to have less focused factories
without sacrificing high performance. However, a company progressing along the “flexibility-
biased” trajectory should be able to operate factories that are less focused than a
company moving along the “cost-biased” trajectory.