Consider the flow of oil at 20°C in a 30-cm-diameter pipeline at an average
velocity of 2 m/s (Fig. 8–23). A 200-m-long section of the pipeline passes
through icy waters of a lake at 0°C. Measurements indicate that the surface
temperature of the pipe is very nearly 0°C. Disregarding the thermal resistance
of the pipe material, determine (a) the temperature of the oil when the pipe
leaves the lake, (b) the rate of heat transfer from the oil, and (c) the pumping
power required to overcome the pressure losses and to maintain the flow of the
oil in the pipe.