All photovoltaics are tested under standard test conditions (STC) at an irradiance level of 1000W/
m2 and a temperature of 24°C. PV performance and temperature are inextricably linked. For every
1°C rise temperature there is a drop of 0.5% of electrical output. When under direct sunlight, the
temperature of a standard PV module may be as high as 230°F (110°C), resulting in a 43% loss in
efficiency due to heat, leading to a subsequent reduction in annual performance.