2.4. Rose rosette virus (RRV)
The one virus that is currently causing significant damage to landscape roses is the rose rosette virus [30]. This negative-sense RNA virus (genus Emaravirus) which is transmitted by the eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes fructiphilus) causes Rose Rosette Disease (RRD). The symptoms for RRD, although vary with the rose cultivar, commonly include proliferation of lateral shoots causing a witches broom symptom, unusual thorniness and reddening of these shoots and distorted flowers leading to stunting, defoliation and eventual death of the plant ( Fig. 3). This virus/vector pair originated in the western part of the United States and has spread along with Rosa multiflora, a very susceptible introduced and now widespread host, throughout the eastern seaboard and the Midwest of the country [63] and [64]. In recent years, the disease has spread onto landscape roses via the mite vector throughout this region resulting in the death of many thousands of rose bushes. Unfortunately, only a few rose species and no cultivated roses have been reported resistant to the virus. The only control option beyond starting with virus indexed plant material and the elimination of any infected plant is to control the vector by repeated miticide sprays and winter pruning to remove any overwintering mites. Resistance would be the best approach in the control of this pathogen although given what is known about the sources of resistance and the challenge of evaluating resistance, this would be a long term project. Given that the viral sequence is known, RRV is a good candidate for virus induced gene silencing via RNAi an approach that most probably underlies the great success achieved with transgenic papaya expressing a portion of the viral coat protein [65] and [66].
2.4. โรส rosette ไวรัส (RRV)The one virus that is currently causing significant damage to landscape roses is the rose rosette virus [30]. This negative-sense RNA virus (genus Emaravirus) which is transmitted by the eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes fructiphilus) causes Rose Rosette Disease (RRD). The symptoms for RRD, although vary with the rose cultivar, commonly include proliferation of lateral shoots causing a witches broom symptom, unusual thorniness and reddening of these shoots and distorted flowers leading to stunting, defoliation and eventual death of the plant ( Fig. 3). This virus/vector pair originated in the western part of the United States and has spread along with Rosa multiflora, a very susceptible introduced and now widespread host, throughout the eastern seaboard and the Midwest of the country [63] and [64]. In recent years, the disease has spread onto landscape roses via the mite vector throughout this region resulting in the death of many thousands of rose bushes. Unfortunately, only a few rose species and no cultivated roses have been reported resistant to the virus. The only control option beyond starting with virus indexed plant material and the elimination of any infected plant is to control the vector by repeated miticide sprays and winter pruning to remove any overwintering mites. Resistance would be the best approach in the control of this pathogen although given what is known about the sources of resistance and the challenge of evaluating resistance, this would be a long term project. Given that the viral sequence is known, RRV is a good candidate for virus induced gene silencing via RNAi an approach that most probably underlies the great success achieved with transgenic papaya expressing a portion of the viral coat protein [65] and [66].
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