The rarest species, P. longipes, was originally described by Motomura et al. (2001b) on the basis of three specimens (134- 159 mm standard length) collected off Mindanao Island, the Philippines. Since then, neither additional specimens nor photographs of P. longipes have been reported. However, a single large specimen of Polydactylus collected from Vanuatu by a bottom trawl at 300-360 m depth, during the Boa 1 Survey of the Tropical Deep Sea Benthos Program, from 9 to 18 September 2005, led by the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, was recently examined and confirmed as P. longipes. The specimen, herein described, represents the first record of the species from outside the Philippines.