A. Power Sources/Sinks and Operating Strategy
The key components of the residential PV system with FESS are shown in Fig.1: the PV generation system (“PV”), the household consumption (“Load”), the storage system (“FESS”) and the “Grid” which can supply the household with electrical energy as well as receive the excessive energy from the PV system. Based on varying generation and consumption,there are different power flow conditions among the components in the system. They can be divided into two operating modes: a generation dominant mode (mode A) and a consumption dominant mode (mode B), as shown in Fig. 1.
The notations