Materials and methods A total of 203 type 1 diabetic
women, who were pregnant between 1988 and 1996 and
followed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in
Helsinki, were re-assessed after an average of 11 years within
the nationwide, multi-centre Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy
Study. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as microalbuminuria,
macroalbuminuria or end-stage renal disease.