TOU price. According to the actual TOU price implemented in Beijing, the period of valley load is defined as 23:00–07:00, totally 8 h; the period of peak load is defined as 10:00–15:00 and 18:00–21:00, totally 8 h. The remaining time is the period of flat load. Adopting the actual price of electricity in the city, the prices of peak, flat and valley load period are 1.253, 0.781 and 0.335 Yuan/kWh. The histogram of TOU price is shown in Fig. 2.5