To meet these requirements, microstrip antennas [1]–[38] can
be used. These antennas are low profile, conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces,
simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed-circuit technology,
mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces, compatible with MMIC designs,
and when the particular patch shape and mode are selected, they are very versatile
in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance.