With the emergence of new communication channels via the Internet, we have seen an emergence of new ways that marketing promotions can be launched and new ways that marketing attacks can be initiated. As a U.S. presidential candidate, Barack Obama began using “viral marketing” techniques early in his campaign for the 2008 elections through extensive use of Internet social networking (Tumulty, 2007). Obama’s Democratic party opponent, Hilary Clinton, was the victim of a damaging chain email campaign, in which she is falsely identified as having an involvement with the defense of Black Panther members accused of tortuous murders (Snopes, 2005).