Background and Purpose. The possible effect of pediatric femoral fractures on the bone mineral density (BMD) is largely unknown. We conducted a study to investigate BMD in adults who had sustained a femoral shaft fracture in childhood treated with skeletal traction. Materials and Methods. Forty-four adults, who had had a femoral fracture before skeletal maturity, were reexamined on average 21 (range 11.4) years after treatment. Our follow-up study included a questionnaire, a clinical examination, length and angle measurements of the lower extremities from follow-up radiographs, and a DEXA examination with regional BMD values obtained for both legs separately.