In addition, we examine whether institutional ownership
has any impact on cash holdings. In theory, it does not
shed much light on the exact nature of the relationship
between institutional ownership and cash holdings.
Chhaochharia and Grinstein (2009) and Black (1992)
argue that as institutional ownership increases, firms with
more proportion of them play a monitoring role strongly.
Thus, generally it is assumed that institution investors are
interested in long-term investment as argued by Ozkan
and Ozkan (2004). Therefore, it is acknowledged that it is
expected as a positive relationship between leverage and
institutional ownership.