This finding leads naturally to some specific reform proposals. In particular, it suggests
that any effort to improve predictability in the award of punitive damages will be most
successful if it assists with the task of mapping outrage and punitive intent onto a dollar
scale. A conversion formula might well be adopted to provide this assistance. The content
of the conversion formula depends on the normative status that is accorded to community
sentiments. As we have seen, different recommendations for reform emerge from three
different diagnoses of the problem: (i) dollar awards are susceptible to excessive sampling
error; (ii) the mapping of punitive intent to dollars is poorly informed; (iii) the judgments
of jurors are likely to be affected by outrage and by retributive urges that are not in line
with appropriately designed legal principles.