he study finds that one of the principal differences between pure click and click-and-brick retailers is the role of social presence in developing e-trust since a perceived higher level of social presence enhances e-trust in the case of pure click retailers. Social presence, however, has less impact on e-trust in the case of click-and-brick retailers, who should take advantage of their offline social presence. This conclusion agrees with Stewart's (2003) that retailers' offline presence could simulate online trust. Kuan and Bock (2007) also suggest that offline trust has a positive impact on online trust.