being researched, such as MEGATON in Japan and SEAHERO in South Korea. These are trying to increase desalination capacities and, at the same time, reduce energy requirements by improving efficiency at all stages of the desalination process, from intake to energy recovery and to discharge or reuse of the brine produced [22,23]. Desalination for agricultural use is not yet prominent, accounting only for 1.9% of the total installed worldwide desalination capacity [16]. However, the decreasing cost of desalted water incentivizes its utilization also in the agricultural sector. The recourse to membrane technologies gives the possibility of producing irrigation water with adequate concentration for high crop production in a sustainable way, through either the use of
treated saline waters or the reuse of wastewater, thus reducing the amount of wastewater discharged to the environment. This paper describes the variousmembrane operations that can be utilized for water production in agriculture. In particular, membrane processes
usable in desalination and wastewater reuse will be described.