Some attitudes serve to enable people to attain particular, desired goals or avoid undesirable circumstances. The holding/expressing of certain attitudes may bring about direct rewards. For example, a young child whose parent holds strong attitudes about football might learn that expressing support for, say, Aston Villa (or distain for Birmingham City) brings parental approval. Alternately, some attitudes allow a person to access circumstances where rewards are available, as when expressing liking for particular music or ways of dressing allows some adolescents to join particular social groups and obtain the benefits of group membership (friendship, social support and so on). Furthermore, expressing other attitudes may help some people avoid negative circumstances.