tended to be grouped together, e.g. subgenus Aspathia, Simulium and the ORBITALE and PICTIPES species
groups, although this did not hold true in the CANADENSE and TARSATUM species groups (Fig. 1).
Nonetheless, certain groups of morphospecies identified by Hernández (2011) as related to S. virgatum s.l. appear
as a single group in the NJ tree (S. hippovorum,S. paynei, S. rubrithorax, and S. virgatum s.l.).