Our banchmark dates for the Paradigm I period Correspond to the publication of books written by Frank J. Goodnow and Leonard D. White;They are, as are the years chosen as marking the later periods of the field,only rough indicators.In Politics of the Administration (1900),Goodnow Contended that there were "two distinct functions of govenment," which he identified with the ttitle of his book. Politics, said Goodnow,"has to do with policies or expressions of the state will," while administration "has to do with the execution of these policies."s Separation of powers provided the basis of the distinction;the legislative branch, aided by the interpretive abilities of the judicial branch,expressed the will of the state and forned policy, while the executive branch administered those policies impertially and apolitically.