Notwithstanding many measures to make soEs perform more like real enterprises, moreover, the property rights of these firms are generally ill defined and easily compromised. soEs that perform well are often required to absorb those that are in trouble. Various official units may claim control over different parts of an soE, to the point where nobody clearly understands where ownership lies. This creates a situation in which both restructuring soEs to achieve better outcomes and selling equity shares in soEs to raise capital become problematic.