All participants in the exercise groups underwenta 12-wk supervised aerobic
exercise program three times per week, lasting 45 min each time according to
pre-established heart rate (65%–75% of their HR max). Each session was
supervised by one researcher in a municipal sport center. The participants wore a
portable heart rate monitor (Polar RS400, Finland) and heart rate was recorded
every 5 min to check exercise intensity. Each session consisted of 5-min warm-up
and stretching, followed by 45 min of aerobic running and finally 5 min at the end
for stretching.