We have recently shown that
increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker
for oxidative stress, are observed 24 h post treatment in
our Cd-induced VBWD chick model [17]. Furthermore, of
the several antioxidants assessed, only N-acetylcysteine
(NAC) has been shown to reduce MDA levels to control
values in the Cd-treated chick embryo