However, the signal difference between nucleotides (especially between C and T) is limited for practical applications based on the bare graphene pores used here. This could be optimized by the appropriate choice of the type of monolayer material, the size and the shape, and chemical modification of the pores.33,34 Furthermore, another chal- lenge in experimental implementation is how to drive an end of ssDNA to thread through such a narrow pore and attach an AFM tip to it. However, we would expect that our findings can motivate the experimentalists to take up this challenge.