Somsak [15] indicated that major environmental concerns of producing resource-intensive high-technology products were nonrenewable energy consumption and GHG emissions (e.g., CO2, PFC).
They applied Eco-indicator 95 and IMPACT 2002+ (refs) to assess summer smog and respiratory inorganics, and suggested that PFC substitutions and electricity saving were effective ways to decrease environmental impacts of DRAM fabrication. Williams et al. [14,16] characterized environmental impacts associated with the production of semiconductor devices from two perspectives: a qualitative survey of key issues and quantitative analysis of energy and entropy associated with processes in the production chain. The total weight of secondary fossil fuels and chemical input required to produce and use a single 2 g 32 MB memory chip in high-technology buildings was estimated to be 1600 g and 72 g, respectively.