The most important background facts are the aridity of Namibia, the classification of 40% of the
land as communal, and the planned development of tourism, particularly in communal areas.
These are all illustrated in the maps in Figure 1.
Namibia is the most arid country in Africa south of the Sahara
78% of Namibia is classified as arid and 21% as semi-arid.6
Rainfall varies from virtually zero in
the coastal desert strip, 100-250 mm per year mean (but in practice highly variable) in the south
west farming areas, up to 600 mm or more per year in the north east. There are no perennial
rivers between the northern and southern borders. This is a problem for farmers, but less so for
tourists and biologists: there are beautiful deserts and a diverse range of wildlife (though at
lower densities than elsewhere in Africa). Arid-adapted species, such as ostrich, springbok, oryx
and "desert elephant" are found in the desert, along with a rich diversity of invertebrates and
reptiles and most of Namibia's endemic species. Plains game are found in the central savannah,
while the relatively richer flora in the north east supports species such as buffalo, roan, sable,
tsessebe, hippo and large herds of seasonal elephants. Agriculture, however, in such an
environment with little water and poor soils is precarious. Crops are grown in the north, but most
of the country is only suitable for extensive livestock or game. Livestock are central, both
economically and culturally, in most of the communal areas.
The most important background facts are the aridity of Namibia, the classification of 40% of the
land as communal, and the planned development of tourism, particularly in communal areas.
These are all illustrated in the maps in Figure 1.
Namibia is the most arid country in Africa south of the Sahara
78% of Namibia is classified as arid and 21% as semi-arid.6
Rainfall varies from virtually zero in
the coastal desert strip, 100-250 mm per year mean (but in practice highly variable) in the south
west farming areas, up to 600 mm or more per year in the north east. There are no perennial
rivers between the northern and southern borders. This is a problem for farmers, but less so for
tourists and biologists:มีทะเลทรายที่สวยงามและหลากหลายของสัตว์ป่าแม้ว่า
ความหนาแน่นต่ำกว่าที่อื่น ๆในทวีปแอฟริกา ) และดัดแปลงพันธุ์ เช่นนกกระจอกเทศ ละมั่งและกวางเขาตรง
, " ช้าง " ทะเลทรายที่พบในทะเลทราย พร้อมกับความหลากหลายของสัตว์ไม่มีกระดูกสันหลัง และรวย
สัตว์เลื้อยคลานและส่วนใหญ่ของนามิเบียถิ่นพันธ์ ที่ราบพบในทุ่งหญ้าสะวันนาเกมกลาง
while the relatively richer flora in the north east supports species such as buffalo, roan, sable,
tsessebe, hippo and large herds of seasonal elephants. Agriculture, however, in such an
environment with little water and poor soils is precarious. Crops are grown in the north, but most
of the country is only suitable for extensive livestock or game. Livestock are central, both
economically and culturally, in most of the communal areas.
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