Adequate stimuli of inducing visceral pain:
1. abnormal distention and contraction of the hollow
viscera muscle walls
2. rapid stretching of the capsule of such solid visceral
organs as are the liver, spleen, pancreas...
3. abrupt anoxemia of visceral muscles
4. formation and accumulation of pain - producing
substances
5. direct action of chemical stimuli (oesophagus, stomach)
6. traction or compression of ligaments and vessels
7. inflammatory processes
8. necrosis of some structures (myocardium, pancreas)