The relationship between dual diagnosis and violent interpersonal behavior extends beyond the context of intimate relationships. Elbogen et al. (2008) found that substance use emerged as a significant risk factor for interpersonal violence among 278 veterans with serious mental illness. Similarly, Mohamed (2013) reported that veterans with a dual diagnosis scored higher on indicators of violent behavior than those without a dual diagnosis after six months of treatment engagement. Thus, the interaction of substance use and mental illness may be a critical component in understanding and predicting risk for rare acts of interpersonal violence perpetration among veterans.