which is sketched in
Fig. 2(a). A jet coaxial with the valve stem establishes for large
valve lifts, as illustrated in Fig. 2(b). Annand and Row [13] suggest
a transition between the two flow regimes at a valve lift to valve
diameter ratio Lv=Dv of 0:2. This ratio was proposed based on measurements,
which indicated a decrease in the discharge coefficient
at higher valve lifts than this ratio. Nonetheless, a comprehensive
assessment of the flow field in the exhaust port remains challenging.
Therefore, several numerical approaches have been used to
simulate the gas outtake process of the internal combustion
engine. The investigation of the unsteady, three-dimensional flow
field requires a simulation approach