Kubulau District is in Bua Province on Fiji’s second largest island, Vanua Levu (Fig. 1). Bua is one of the least developed provinces in Fiji, and Kubulau’s 10 villages are highly dependent on natural resources for income and subsistence (Wildlife Conservation Society 2009). Kubulau’s 260-km2 traditional fisheries management area (qoliqoli) extends to the outer edge of the coral reefs and supports relatively high levels of reef-fish biomass (Jupiter & Egli 2011). Traditional fishing rights of customary landowners within these boundaries are recognized under the Fiji Fisheries Act (Clarke & Jupiter 2010).