and end of each phase. Amount of dietary treatments provided per pen were recorded during each phase and feed refusals were weighed at the end of each phase. Daily presence of diarrhea from each pen was checked visually and recorded with two scales: presence of diarrhea or not. Frequency of diarrhea was calculated by counting pen days with presence of diarrhea.
Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. The collected samples were pooled and stored at –20°C until analysis. Diet samples were also collected from each batch of manufactured feed and stored at –20°C until analysis. Whole blood samples were collected from a jugular vein of randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes with anticoagulant before weaning and on d 7 after weaning