In the next set of models we utilized the nonparametric approach. In this case, a Level 2 latent class model was added based on the random means from the Level 1 latent class solution.
As presented in Table 1 (Model 4a), the BIC significantly improves over the fixed effects threeclass model with the addition of two, Level 2 latent classes; however, the BIC is not better than the BIC for the parametric model. Adding a third class only slightly improves the BIC, but it still does not show improvement over the parametric approach. A fourth Level 2 class was also assessed, but this model resulted in a very small number of individuals in the fourth class
and the best log-likelihood failed to replicate. The results of the Level 2 latent class solution for the CB D 2 and CB D 3 solutions are presented in Figures 8 and 9.