Twelve eligible voters (4 female; 8 male) participated in the study. Each participant has a disability, including 6 who are blind (B) and 6 with low vision (LV). All participants were native English speakers and the age range was 24-64 years, with a mean age of 49.33 years (SD=11.9). Participants’ mean level of self-reported touch screen expertise was 7.00 (SD=2.38), where 1 = novice and 10 = expert.
Procedure
After signing an informed consent form approved by Georgia Tech IRB, participants asked for a pre-trial interview of demographic information including age, types of vision disability, previous touch screen experiences, and smartphone ownership. Participants then performed the directed voting tasks (e.g., voting for one candidate, voting for two candidates, reviewing the vote, and changing the vote) using EZ Ballot. During the trials, researchers observed the participants’ interaction and recorded usability issues. Following each test trial, participants completed a post-trial interview (e.g., ease of use, preferred input). Each session lasted 90 minutes.
Results
Participants self-reported their perceived ease of use on voting using just ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ as a range from 2-5 with a mean of 4.42 (SD=0.79) (where 1 was very difficult and 5 was very easy). Participants who responded that Yes and No voting is very easy commented that the Yes and No voting is simple and intuitive enough to vote independently: “I think it