1. Introduction.... ………………………………………………………
1 1.1 Aim………………………………………………………………………………
2 1.2 Material and Method………………………………………………………….
2 1.2.1 Participants……………………………………………………………...
2 1.2.2 The banked cloze test…………………………………………………...3 1.2.3 Questionnaires…………………………………………………………..
3 1.2.4 Interviews……………………………………………………………….
5 1.2.5 Procedure………………………………………………………………..
5 2. Theoretical Background……………………………………………
8 2.1 Approaches to second language reading…………………………………….8 2.1.1 Bottom-up approaches to second language reading…………………...9 2.1.2 Top-down approaches to second language reading…………………...10 2.1.3 Interactive approaches to second language reading……………..........11 2.2 Cloze tests…………………………………………………………………...12 2.2.1 Types of cloze tests……………………………………………………12 2.2.2 The construct validity of cloze tests…………………………………..13 2.2.3 Previous work on test-taking processes for cloze tests……………….14 2.2.3.1 The standard, fixed-ratio cloze test……………………………15 2.2.3.2 The selective-deletion or rational cloze test…………………...16 2.2.3.3 The multiple-choice cloze test…………………………………17 2.2.3.4 The C-test …………………………………………………...…18 2.2.3.5 The banked cloze test………………………………………….19 2.3 Vocabulary acquisition ……………………………………………………...20 2.3.1 The interactionist theory………………………………………………20 2.3.2 Word meaning theory…………………………………………………21 2.3.3 Semantic network theory……………………………………………...22 2.3.4 Comprehensible input theory………………………………………….23 2.3.5 Incidental focus on form………………………………………………24 2.3.6 Intentional vocabulary learning……………………………………….26
3. Analysis of the banked cloze test and questionnaire 1……………27 3.1 Data from the banked cloze test………………………………………………27 3.2 Information sources reflected in questionnaire 1……………………………..28 3.2.1 Clause-level information………………………………………………..30 3.2.2 Sentence-level information ……………………………………………..32 3.2.3 Text level information…………………………………………………..33 3.2.4 Extra-textual information……………………………………………….35 3.3 Strategies reflected in questionnaire 1………………………………………..36 3.3.1 Bottom-up processing strategies………………………………………..38 3.3.2 Top-down processing strategies ………………………………………..40 3.3.3 Test-wise processing strategies…………………………………………42 3.4 Summary of test-taking processes for the banked cloze test………………...43
4. Analysis of questionnaire 2………………………………………...44 4.1 Vocabulary acquisition strategies of the High Group students……………….45 4.2 Vocabulary acquisition strategies of the Low Group students………………..47 4.3 The top three vocabulary acquisition strategies of the two groups…………...49
5. Discussion and implications for vocabulary acquisition………….51 5.1 Correlation revealed in the High Group and the Low Group…………………52 5.2 Implications for vocabulary acquisition………………………………………54
6. Conclusion…………………………………………………….…….56 List of References……………………………………………………...ⅰ
Appendix 1: The banked cloze test………………………………………..ⅳ
Appendix 2: Questionnaire 1……………………………………………..ⅴ
Appendix 3: Questionnaire 2……………………………………………..ⅶ