The United States and other developed countries produce a majority of the greenhouse gas emissions and consume a disproportionate share of envi- ronmentally sensitive products such as ocean fish; their consumption of energy, wood products, and raw materials is even more strikingly dispro- portionate.53 A substantial part of developed-country consumption is waste- ful. It seems clear that the world as a whole cannot consume at current U.S. or other developed-country levels; responsible consumption on the part of the developed countries is not just setting a good example but an ecological necessity. This does not mean that economies cannot continue to grow indefi- nitely—clearly they can, as more consumption becomes knowledge-based and more modest in its use of raw materials. It is rather that the patterns of con- sumption must change. As we have seen, price signals alone will not guide resource use when substantial externalities and public goods are involved.