Food sources
Vitamin D is found naturally in only a few foods, such as some fatty fish (mackerel, salmon, sardines), fish liver oils, and eggs from hens that have been fed vitamin D. In the US, milk and infant formula are fortified with vitamin D so that they contain 400 IU (10 μg) per quart. However, other dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, are not always fortified with vitamin D. Some cereals and breads are also fortified with vitamin D. Fruit juices fortified with vitamin D are also available in the US. Accurate estimates of average dietary intakes of vitamin D are difficult because of the high variability of the vitamin D content of fortified foods (230). The vitamin D content of some vitamin D-rich foods is listed in Table 2 in both international units (IU) and micrograms (μg). For more information on the nutrient content of specific foods, search the USDA food composition database.