Corresponding redox potential was higher in the sediment with roots than without roots. At Mtoni, the sulfide concentrations ranged between 0.0025 to 0.96 mM and 1.5 to 24.5 mM in sediment with roots and without roots,
The conclusion of these results is that spatial and temporal variation in the soil redox potential and sulfide concentrations, which are results of microbial activities in the sediment, influence mangrove seedling establishment. These soil factors are modified by the root systems, whereby sediments in areas with plenty of mangrove roots are oxidized and thus conducive for mangrove regeneration.