Leaf Area
Studied the influence of pruning on leaf area of three grape varieties viz., Bangalore Blue, Khandari and Muscat (Mohanakumaran, 1963) found that upto a certain point, there was increase in berry weight and quality. In another study observed positive and significant correlation between leaf area of vine and weight of bunches in vine while no correlation between the leaf area and number of bunches was observed. Buttrose (1966) reported that minimal leaf area for growth of aerial organs was estimated to be 1500 cm 2 (12 leaves) but in the field where bunches have more berries, a greater leaf area would be required. Edson et al. (1993) stated that the increased crop load per vine reduced the total leaf area in 'Seyval' grape vines. Koblet et al. (1994) reported that the total yield and yield of fruits were reduced as leaf area decreased and recorded that each 1 g of grapes produced a required leaf area of 16-26 cm 2. Zamboni et al. (1997) stated that vines with high number of nodes developed a larger total leaf area compared to those having lower node number but had the same 'total leaf area / fruit yield ratio'. Gicheol and Chool (1999) reported that the leaf area tended to be lesser on less severely pruned canes in Vitis labrusca B. cv. Kyoho. Lopes et al. (2000) observed that higher crop load per vine results in reduction in leaf area in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape vines. Velu (2001) in 'Muscat' observed the maximum leaf area (114.14 cm 2) at the 10 th leaf stage in pruning levels viz., Pruning 67% of the canes to 5 bud level and 33% to 2 bud level. Chougule (2004) reported that in 'Thompson Seedless', the maximum leaf area (241.75 cm 2) was obtained in cane density of 30 per vine while the minimum leaf area (136.17 cm 2) was noticed with 40 cane density per vine. According to Kliewer and Dokoozlian (2005), optimal leaf area (m 2) per m canopy length and leaf area density (m 2 / m 3) for single-canopy (SC) type trellis-training systems ranged from 2 to 5 m 2. / m, and 3 to 7 m 2 / m 3, respectively. Grapevines with ratios that fell within the ranges for each of those parameters were considered well balanced and capable of producing high-quality fruit and wines. Cangi and Kilic (2011) reported that the mean leaf area decreased with increased bud loading levels. Brandon et al. (2012) reported that decrease in severity of pruning, increased leaf area per vine and leaf layer number in a linear manner.