Although all groups generally showed improvement over the course of the year, one salient difference between the Non-Majors and Majors
lies in where the improvement took place. With the majors, the improvement in the Listening and Reading scores was almost equal, whereas
with the Non-Majors, there was little gain in the listening component (-6.9, 0.3 and 5.4 for the three treatments) and a greater rate of
improvement in the reading section (13.3, 12.2 and 47.9). There was little improvement in listening even though both of the instructors used
English as the medium of instruction. We can tentatively postulate the following reasons for this: [-18-]