2.1.1. Cultural factors
Cultural factors which include culture, subculture and social class are very important
issues affecting on consumer behavior (Philip Kotler et al. 2005 p. 256).
Culture
As the most basic factor that affects consumer behavior, culture can be defined as a person
who contacts basic traditions, taboos, values, attitudes, perceptions, wants, and behaviors
from the family and society since childhood to grow up (Philip Kotler et al.
2005 p. 256).
In addition, aesthetics represents beauty, good taste, or an appreciation of color and
form. Marketers must understand the positive and negative aspects of the packaging design
of products. Furthermore, marketers also should try to recognize the local preferences
and tastes, and develop the products to tailor local preferences. (David Jobber &
Geoff Lancaster 2000 p. 249)
Marketers also need to be acquainted with cultural shifts, and imagine new products to
satisfy consumers. Cultural shift also represents the complexity of consumer behavior
and international variety. (Philip Kotler et al. 2005 p. 257)
Subculture