A within-subject design was used to assess the time-course of
changes in hunger and fullness both during ingestion (to assess satiation)
and over the subsequent 2 h (to assess satiety) for a fixed portion
of a vegetable soup differing in macronutrient content, energy (high
energy carbohydrate (CHO) or protein (PRO) or low energy control)
and MSG content (1% MSG w/w (MSG+) or no MSG (MSG−)).