For example, although India and Brazil may show strong similarities in both the economic and political realm, they show contrasting interests in the area of IPRs and, as a result, their policies differ (Charnovitz 1998). Whereas India pursues a policy of strategic cooperation with the United States, Brazil remains reluctant in this respect. A partial explanation of this reluctance is related to concerns over an unequal accumulation of intellectual capital and, hence, benefits (Moy 1993). This implies that national innovation policies should include in their agenda an assessment of the implications of IPR harmonization developments and a plan to address them.