“Wake up!” Do you hear these words

“Wake up!” Do you hear these words often? If so, maybe you are not getting enough sleep. What is
sleep? Why do people sleep? How much sleep do you need?
All people sleep. All mammals and birds also sleep. Some reptiles, amphibians, and fish sleep too.
Scientists understand some of the reasons for sleep. But they do not understand everything about it.
There are two kinds of sleep in mammals and birds. One kind of sleep is Rapid Eye Movement sleep,
which we call REM sleep. The other kind of sleep is Non–Rapid Eye Movement sleep, which we call NREM or non–REM sleep. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine divides NREM sleep into three stages: N1, N2, and N3 sleep.
When people first go to sleep, they are in NREM sleep. The first stage of NREM sleep is N1 sleep. During N1 sleep, people get very drowsy. Some people have muscle twitches during this part of sleep. People are not very conscious of, or aware of, their surroundings during this stage of sleep. Brain monitors identify small, slow, and irregular brain waves during N1 sleep. The second stage of sleep is N2 sleep. People are not at all conscious of their surroundings during N2 sleep. About 45%-55% of total adult sleep is N2 sleep. Brain monitors identify large brain waves with quick bursts of activity during N2 sleep. The third stage of sleep is N3 sleep. It is very deep sleep. Brain monitors identify very slow brain waves during N3 sleep. Therefore, N3 sleep is called slow–wave sleep (SWS.)
After N3 sleep, people cycle back to lighter N2 sleep before going into REM sleep. People cycle through the stages of NREM sleep 4 or 5 times each night and enter REM sleep several times during one night. Dreams occur during REM sleep and the eyes move quickly beneath closed eyelids. During REM sleep, people and animals are paralyzed. Scientists think people enter a state in which they cannot move so they will not hurt themselves while they are dreaming.
The National Sleep Foundation in the United States says that 7–9 hours of sleep daily is best for an adult. Seven to nine hours of sleep is good for memory, alertness, problem–solving, and health. Less than six hours of sleep affects the ability to think. Getting too much sleep may not be good for people either. Too much sleep is linked to sickness and depression.
Babies need a lot more sleep than adults. A newborn infant needs up to 18 hours of sleep each day. A baby spends about nine hours in REM sleep. Five–year–olds need 11–13 hours of sleep each day. A five–year– old spends about 2 hours in REM sleep. Teenagers need 9–10 hours of sleep each day. Pregnant women need more sleep than other adults. Many people think that elderly people need less sleep than younger adults, but that is not true. Most adults do well with 7–9 hours of sleep.
Scientists are not sure of all the reasons for sleep. They know that sleep helps the body heal and grow. Sleep helps the immune system – which helps people fight disease. Sleep helps the infant brain grow. It seems that REM sleep is especially important for babies’ brain growth. It also seems that sleep is a time for processing memories. Why do we dream? Some scientists believe that dreams have a psychological purpose. Some think that dreams help organize our brains. Some think that dreams are the result of random brain activity during REM sleep.
Sleep patterns differ substantially from culture to culture. Cultures with artificial light have different sleep patterns from cultures without artificial light (like electric lamps.) In cultures that use artificial light, people usually go to sleep later at night, and they sleep through the night. In other cultures, people often sleep for two periods. They go to sleep shortly after the sun goes down. They sleep deeply for several hours. Then, they tend to wake up for several hours. Afterward, they go to sleep again for several more hours. In hunter– gatherer groups, people sleep off and on throughout the day and night.
People sleep in a variety of places, too. Some people sleep on the ground. Some sleep on mats or in beds. Some use pillows, blankets, and other bedding. But they all sleep!
Good night! Sweet dreams!

ผลลัพธ์ (บอสเนีย) 1:

"Probudi se!" Čuješ li ove riječi često? Ako je tako, možda ti se ne dobija dovoljno sna. Što je
sna? Zašto ljudi spavaju? Koliko sna ti treba?
Svi ljudi spavaju. Svi sisara i ptica i spavati. Neki gmizavci, vodozemci, ribe i sna previše.
Znanstvenici razumiju neki od razloga za spavanje. Ali oni ne razumiju sve o tome.
Postoje dvije vrste sna u sisara i ptica. Jedna vrsta sna je Rapid Eye Movement sna,
koje zovemo REM spavanja. Druga vrsta sna je Non-Rapid Eye Movement sna, koje nazivamo NREM ili ne-REM spavanja. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine deli NREM spavati u tri faze:. N1, N2, N3 i sna
Kada su ljudi prvi put idu na spavanje, oni su u NREM spavanja. Prva faza NREM sna je N1 spavanja. Tokom N1 sna, ljudi se vrlo pospan. Neki ljudi imaju mišića trzaji u ovom dijelu sna. Ljudi nisu baš svjesni, ili svjesni, njihovog okruženja u ovoj fazi sna. Monitori Brain identificirati male, sporo, i nepravilnog moždani talasi za vrijeme spavanja N1. Druga faza sna je N2 spavanja. Ljudi nisu nimalo svjesni svoje okoline tijekom N2 sna. Oko 45% -55% od ukupnog spavanja odraslih N2 spavanja. Monitori Brain identificirati velike moždane talase sa brzim rafalnu aktivnosti u N2 sna. Treća faza sna je N3 spavanja. To je vrlo dubok san. Monitori Brain identificirati vrlo sporo moždani talasi za vrijeme spavanja N3. Stoga, N3 spavanje se zove sporo-val spavanja (SWS.)
Nakon N3 spavanja, ljudi ciklus nazad na lakši N2 sna prije odlaska u REM spavanja. Ljudi ciklusa kroz faze NREM spavati 4 ili 5 puta svake noći i unesite REM spavanja nekoliko puta tijekom jedne noći. Snovi se javljaju tijekom REM spavanja i oči brzo ispod zatvorenih kapaka. Tijekom REM sna, ljudi i životinje su paralizovan. Znanstvenici misle ljudi ulazi stanje u kojem se ne može ići tako da će oni sami ne boli dok su sanjam.
Nacionalna fondacija Sleep u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, kaže da je 7-9 sati sna svakodnevno je najbolje za odraslu osobu. Sedam do devet sati sna je dobro za pamćenje, budnost, rješavanje problema, i zdravlje. Manje od šest sati sna utječe na sposobnost razmišljanja. Dobivanje previše sna ne može biti dobro za ljude bilo. Previše sna povezan je bolest i depresiju.
Bebe je potrebno mnogo više sna od odraslih. A novorođenčeta treba do 18 sati sna svaki dan. Beba troši oko devet sati u REM spavanja. Pet-godišnjaka je potrebno 11-13 sati sna svaki dan. A pet-year- stara troši oko 2 sata u REM spavanja. Tinejdžeri trebaju 9-10 sati sna svaki dan. Trudnice trebaju više sna od ostalih odraslih. Mnogi ljudi misle da stariji ljudi trebaju manje sna od mlađih odraslih, ali to nije istina. Većina odraslih dobro sa 7-9 sati sna.
Naučnici nisu sigurni u sve razloge za spavanje. Oni znaju da spavanje pomaže tijelu izliječiti i rasti. Sleep pomaže imuni sistem - koji pomaže ljudima da se bore bolesti. Sleep pomaže mozgu beba raste. Čini se da REM spavanje je posebno važno za razvoj mozga bebe '. Također se čini da je spavanje je vrijeme za obradu uspomene. Zašto sanjamo? Neki naučnici vjeruju da snovi imaju psihološki svrhu. Neki misle da su snovi pomoći organizirati naš mozak. Neki misle da su snovi rezultat slučajne aktivnosti mozga tijekom REM spavanja.
Sleep obrasce znatno razlikuju od kulture do kulture. Kulture s umjetnom svjetlu imaju različite obrasce spavanja od kultura bez veštačkih svjetlo (poput električne lampe.) U kulturama koje koriste veštačke svetlosti, ljudi obično idu na spavanje kasnije noću, i spavaju preko noći. U drugim kulturama, ljudi često spavaju na dva perioda. Oni idu na spavanje ubrzo nakon zalaska sunca. Oni su duboko spavati nekoliko sati. Zatim, oni imaju tendenciju da se probudi za nekoliko sati. Nakon toga, oni idu opet spavati još nekoliko sati. U hunter- sakupljač grupe, ljudi spavaju off i tokom cijelog dana i noći.
Ljudi spavaju u različitim mjestima, previše. Neki ljudi spavaju na terenu. Neki spavanja na Mats ili kreveta. Neki koriste jastuci, deke, posteljina i drugih. Ali svi oni sna!
Laku noć! Sweet dreams!