Driven by the constant demands for miniaturizing electronic devices such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor backups, smart cards, implantable medical devices, and MEMS, great efforts are being directed toward designing and fabricating allsolid- state thin-film lithium batteries with their potential in advantageously offering ultrathin forms, with shape flexibility, lightness, innoxiousness, and non-susceptibility to corrosion and explosion. Together with this, they afford high energy-density, good cycling performance, and they readily withstanding exposure to high temperature and high pressure. In all these features, they differ markedly from the traditional coin-, cylindricalor prismatic-type cell configurations. The research of all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries (TFBs) is also quite different from that of the traditional lithium batteries, for instance, the interface between the electrode and solid-state electrolyte is quite different from the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) layer in lithium batteries, which has much more impact to the TFB’s performance compare with SEI to lithium batteries. In this review, we summarily discussed the many more choices of materials that might serve as the positive and negative thin-film electrodes for thin-film battery components (Fig. 20). Up to now, the best electrode choices for allsolid- state thin film batteries are considered as LiCoO2 (LiMn2O4 or LiFeWO4) for cathode and Li for anode. During them, in our opinion, LiFeWO4/Li cell is the most promising one due to its considerable performance and low temperature synthesis. The next key issues to be addressed concern the needs for a high-quality electrolyte/ electrode interface and the large storage lithium capacity of thinfilm electrode; only then we can realize practical high performance all-solid-state rechargeable batteries for daily use.