We believe that an identifiable shift toward these newer premises and patterns of practice, or the bifurcation point, occurred in the early to middle 1980s. For example, Open Space technology was first introduced in the mid-1980s (Owen, 1992), the first article on Appreciative Inquiry was published in 1987 (Cooperrider & Srivastva, 1987), and practice preceded publication. Some of the forces that probably contributed to this bifurcation were the rise of constructionist and cognitive orientations in the organizational sciences, the introduction of change management practices by the major consulting companies that challenged some traditional areas of OD practice, and increased interest in multicultural realities due to globalization (Marshak, 2005).